Undercurrent

The atmosphere is tense at the Boston Globe headquarters on May 3rd, 2009. In just a few hours, the employees of the paper will learn their fate. Will the New York Times shut the New England institution down? How much will the unions sacrifice to save it?

This piece provides a glimpse into a brief moment in history, when the fate of New England’s paper of record – and its 1400 employees – was in jeopardy.

Today we know that the presses would roll later that night, but in the moment, nothing was certain.

Video by Matt Cadwallader

Boston Globe reporter Bob Hohler explains the “lifetime contracts” at the heart of negotiations between the Newspapers Guild and the New York Times management.

Video by Matt Cadwallader

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A Crisis of Evolutionary Proportion
Text by Keith Shannon

The newspaper industry is in the process of a painful evolution. The past year has seen the closure of the Rocky Mountain News and the Albuquerque Tribune. The Tribune Company, owners of 12 newspapers, including The Chicago Tribune and The Los Angeles Times, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in December. The Christian Science Monitor moved to an online only format in March. Even The New York Times was forced to borrow money against its Manhattan office building – well before it threatened to close one of its other assets, The Boston Globe.

From October, 2008 through March, 2009, 395 daily newspapers reported a drop in circulation on average of seven percent from the previous year, according to a report issued by the Audit Bureau of Circulations. The Globe was down by 13.68 percent, The Times by 3.55 percent. The New York Post suffered the greatest loss at 20.55 percent, while another News Corporation publication, The Wall Street Journal, was the only major publication to report an increase – 0.6 percent. But the decrease in circulation is only one of the factors plaguing the struggling industry.

The classified ad department at the Boston Globe is a shell of its former self. The large room is full of empty cubicles. Computer desks have turned into storage spaces with nothing to store on them. A staff previously numbering over 150 is now in the teens. Large signs above either door leading out of the ad department boast of its former glory,  declaring the generation of eighty million dollars in ad revenue in 2003.

“We are loosing a million dollars a week,” said one staffer. “Craigslist is our largest competitor.”

Classified advertising is recognized as one of the main sources of revenue for the newspaper industry. With the rise in popularity of sites such as Craigslist, papers are losing a  large chunk of money they can not afford to be without. An employer in the Boston area can choose between placing a seven-day ad on Boston.com and one in the Sunday Globe for $367, or paying $25 for a listing that will run 30 days on Craigslist.  For car sales the disparity is slightly less– ads start at $39 on Boston.com and are free on Craigslist.

Craig Newmark, founder of Craigslist, said in an e-mail that suggestions his site has affected newspapers’ revenue stream are “largely an urban legend.”

Doug Kohl, Public Relations Consultant for Craigslist, said, “It is our understanding that the downturn in revenues has been primarily due to display ad sales and print circulation, which are both things that Craigslist has no influence over,” also in an e-mail.

Editorial content is available online for free. Ad space is available online for free – or at a minimal cost. Both circulation and ad revenue have plummeted. The newspaper industry, without adaptation, could soon be engulfed in the World Wide Web of destruction.

Smaller, more locally-oriented newspapers and Web sites – such as the Springfield Republican and its online offshoot MassLive – are adapting, finding the Internet as a way to develop a more intimate relationship with readers and also create a revenue stream away from traditional print media.

“We have to prove (to the Republican editors) there is revenue in editorial decisions,” said Ed Kubosiak Jr., Editor-in-Chief at MassLive. “We have to show there is a sales opportunity for project ideas.”

The online format allows MassLive the space for more in depth features, especially  those utilizing user-generated content, than are available to its parent publication. These features will often draw in local advertisers whose companies would benefit from the feature-oriented advertising.

To cover local proms, the Republican would traditionally send out one or two photographers who would snap a few pictures then move on, according to Kubosiak. A few of the pictures would appear in the print edition of the paper and the coverage would end there. Online, MassLive has the capability to host hundreds of prom photos, most submitted by the students themselves. Most of the content cost MassLive nothing and they were able to sell advertisements to local prom-oriented businesses. The combination of user-generated content and a positive revenue stream is one way for news sites and newspapers to remain economically viable in these troubling times, but are not the final solution.

“I would love to figure out the business model that is going to save our profession, and be a part of it,” said Kubosiak.

Boston.com is seeking to learn from the success of local sites like MassLive. According to Director of Community Publishing, Teresa Hanafin, Boston.com has never had a shortage of user-generated content. Anytime there was a call for community participation, the readership was quick to chime in – often sending photographs and actively participating on forum boards. To harness this participation, Boston.com started smaller community oriented sites under the banner “Your Town.” The site currently hosts four smaller sites dedicated to communities in the Boston area.

“We were one of the last in the game (of hosting town sites), but we learned from other sites that have done it in the past,” Hanafin said. “Their traffic has continued to grow month by month.”

The success of the town sites has led to the creation on a site dedicated to mothers and a site featuring amateur photography. Like Kubosiak, Hanafin has found as online content expands, a revenue stream must be involved.

In the early 2000s, Hanafin said, the staff could just build a site and the advertising arm of the company would then try to sell space on it. If it did not work, they could just take it down.

“Now you have to prove the business model before anything gets launched,” she said.

As the line blurs between content and revenue, does the caveman that was the newspaper industry stand a chance of standing erect unless it does some fast and painful evolving?

When former senatorial candidate Ed O’Reilly spoke at the Cape Cod Lounge at UMass Amherst, the room was set for 150 people, but was filled with less than 15, only half of which were students.

Much has been said about how the Internet has changed communications, but event organizers at UMass are finding that to fill seats, they still need tried and true methods like fliering and tabling.

The O’Reilly event was sponsored by Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society who, according to co-Vice President Patrick Meaney, relied on “viral marketing” and the Internet for their publicity. They created a Facebook event page, posted it on the UMass arts and events calendar, and sent e-mails throughout the legal studies department. In spite of the meager turnout, Meaney, was happy after it was over.

“I’m pleased it went off without a hitch,” he said.

He said he wished more students were in attendance, but based on the timing of the event they would “take what they could get.” Meaney’s theories for the poor turnout – O’Reilly is not a well known name in politics and students are not thinking about campaigns right now, months removed from the elections. He described O’Reilly as a third-party candidate whose political views he did not completely endorse.

The UMass Republican Club has hosted many successful events, including this year’s kick-off event, featuring conservative talk show host Michael Graham. Over 150 people turned out, surprising club president Greg Collins.

Collins believes the success is based in strong group commitment, good organization, and extensive publicity. For any event, he said, the club can spend between $200-$300 on fliers alone. They spent $900 on three advertisements in The Daily Collegian ahead of a controversial, but well attended, speech by Don Feder. While most organizations don’t have the advantage of such a large budget, Collins says money alone does not guarantee a strong turnout.

“We are well organized, we know what needs to be done,” Collins said.

Within the structure of the club, jobs are delegated to various members who complete their given tasks in a rigid time frame. Collins describes the members as “passionate” and “committed.”

Meaney feels Phi Kappa Phi is lacking that kind of organization, in part because members are busy with their own academic pursuits. He expressed his desire for a more hierarchical structure that would keep members on an equal footing and ensure more widespread commitment.

“We want to show the community that an honor society can be about more than grades and doing well,” he said. “We are moving in the right direction, but we need to grow and expand.”

Even in hindsight, Meaney would not change the way the event was publicized. He said he felt e-mail and Facebook was the right way to reach the desired demographic and that posters would have been a waste of time.

“I see posters all around campus, but I don’t see them being read,” he said. “We did the best we could, I don’t think the result would have been any different.”

-With Mattew Cadwallader

Jacket or not? Two UMass students discuss coping with New England weather

George Carlin once noted, “The weather will continue to change, on and off, for a long, long time.” Those were the final words of his character, “The Hippy Dippy Weatherman.” In New England, changes happen rapidly and often – and when least expected.
The blizzard of 1997 dropped almost two feet of snow across the region, staggering numbers for a two-day storm. Residents did not prepare for the snowfall the way they normally would for a storm of this magnitude, many thought it was an elaborate hoax. It became known as the April Fool’s Storm. All of the snow fell between March 31 and April 1, 1997, over a week into spring. Easter fell the day before, with temperatures hitting 63 degrees.
January 6, 2007, the height of winter. Daily Hampshire Gazette reporter Tamara Llosa-Sandor spotted 18-year-old Hannah McQuillan outside of Thornes Marketplace in Northampton, dressed in a tank-top and eating an ice cream sundae. She was no glutton for punishment, nor was she practicing to join the Polar Bear Club for their annual swims in frigid water. It was 63 degrees that day, typical late spring to early summer weather for the region. The normal average temperature on that day would be closer to 23 degrees.
More traditional winter weather did not hit the region until February that year, severely hindering the maple syrup production. Sugarers rely on cold temperatures in December and January for trees to produce enough sap to be boiled down into syrup.
The erratic weather of 2007 had one last surprise. The warmest winter in history, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association, ended with a storm that dropped 9.5 inches of snow on Amherst overnight between March 16 and 17, just as University of Massachusetts students were preparing to leave for Spring Break.
Snow is not the only winter weather event that New Englanders have to worry about. This past winter began with a massive ice storm in early December, leading to Gov. Deval Patrick declaring a state of emergency across the state. The storm hit hardest in western and central Mass., where over 20,000 homes were without power for days. The storm shattered trees and downed power lines as ice sheeted around them. Goshen residents reported that the ice coating reached over one-inch thick in many cases.
The final storm of the winter fell on March 2, dropping close to a foot of snow in the Pioneer Valley and forcing schools to cancel classes. Some schools in Northern Worcester County had already experienced between eight and ten weather related school cancellations by the second week of January. Because of the state’s strict 180-day requirement for public schools, students must make up for the days that were lost, meaning students will have to attend school at a time when baseball is in full swing and cold days are but a memory.
It did not take long for the storm to be but a memory, either. Warm temperatures in the days following melted most of the winter remnants rapidly. The next weekend, streets of Northampton were crowded with people dressed as Hannah McQuillan was on that January day two years prior.

-With Rosie Walunas